Mechanical trauma (e.g., scratches, skin tear, surgical incision).

Mechanical factors (e.g., pressure, shear, friction).

Dermatitis, pruritus or itching (e.g., dry skin, allergic reactions).

Chemical skin irritants (e.g., formaldehyde, hair dyes, epoxy, soaps, adhesives).

Special beds, mattresses, and other useful devices provide pressure relief and pressure redistribution. Other factors that hasten skin breakdown include age, the normal loss of elasticity, inadequate nutrition, environmental moisture, and vascular insufficiency. Patients who are overweight, paralyzed, with spinal cord injuries, those who are bedridden and confined to wheelchairs, and those with edema are also at highest risk for altered skin integrity. Pressure, shear, and friction from immobility put an individual at risk for altered skin integrity. With this, the nurse must be aware of identifying at-risk individuals and the myriad factors that place patients at risk for skin damage. The key marker of quality care is the maintenance of skin integrity and prevention of pressure ulcers. A skin integrity problem might indicate the skin is damaged, exposed to injury or inefficient to repair and recover normally. It protects the body from heat, light, injury, and infection. The skin is the largest organ in the human body and is a protective barrier. Use this guide to help you create nursing interventions for impaired skin integrity nursing care plan.

Therapeutic Communication Techniques Quiz.

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